Vitamin A is crucial for multiple functions in the body:

1. Vision: One of the most well-known functions of vitamin A is its role in maintaining healthy vision. It is a component of rhodopsin, a protein in the eyes that helps with low-light vision and the ability to see in dim light.

2. Immune function: Vitamin A plays a vital role in supporting the immune system. It helps maintain the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes, which act as barriers to infection. Additionally, vitamin A is involved in the production and function of white blood cells, which are essential for fighting off infections.

3. Cell growth and differentiation: Vitamin A is necessary for the growth and development of cells, particularly epithelial cells (which line the surfaces of organs and blood vessels). It helps regulate cell differentiation, ensuring that cells mature properly and carry out their specific functions.

4. Reproduction: Vitamin A is important for reproductive health in both males and females. It is involved in the development of sperm cells in males and plays a role in foetal development during pregnancy.

5. Skin health: Vitamin A supports the health of the skin by promoting cell turnover and regulating the production of sebum, an oily substance that helps keep the skin moisturised and protected.

6. Bone health: Vitamin A is involved in the regulation of bone growth and remodelling, which is important for maintaining strong and healthy bones.

7. Antioxidant activity: Vitamin A has antioxidant properties, which means it helps neutralise harmful molecules called free radicals that can damage cells and contribute to ageing and disease.

It's important to consume adequate amounts of Vitamin A through your diet to support essential bodily functions. Good food sources of Vitamin A include liver, fish oil, eggs, dairy products, and brightly coloured fruits and vegetables like carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, and mangoes.

Vitamin A deficiency can have significant consequences for overall health. One notable effect is night blindness, as Vitamin A is essential for the production of rhodopsin, a pigment crucial for low-light vision. Severe deficiency can lead to xerophthalmia, a condition characterised by dryness of the eyes and, in extreme cases, blindness. Additionally, inadequate Vitamin A intake weakens the body's immune defences, making individuals more susceptible to infections, particularly respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. Growth and development can also be impacted, with children experiencing stunted growth and delayed tissue and organ development. Skin problems such as dryness and increased susceptibility to infections can arise, and reproductive health may be compromised, leading to infertility and pregnancy complications. Furthermore, Vitamin A deficiency can impair bone health, increasing the risk of fractures. Maintaining adequate Vitamin A intake through a balanced diet is crucial for preventing these adverse effects on health.